Does an Organization's Performance Matter in Adopting Blockchain Technology? Examining the Impact of Task-Technology Fit and Trade-Off Effect among TOE Factors on Performance Outcome

Blockchain technology offers various use cases and can be appropriated in different ways. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the performance outcomes of blockchain technology at an organizational level. We identify performance outcomes of blockchain technology and examine how task-technology fit, level of adoption, and technological, organizational, and environmental factors influence these outcomes. Prior literature, technology’s specific features, and its use cases guided the identification of relevant outcomes, including cost reduction, process transparency, and business process innovation. We tested the hypotheses using the response surface methodology (RSM) supplemented by polynomial regression analyses with survey data from 419 organizations. The results indicate that task-technology fit and adoption stages merely show the statistical significance of the outcome variables. However, the TOE factors significantly influence those outcomes independently and jointly. Detailed results and discussions follow.