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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

  • M. H. Forouzanfar
  • , A. Afshin
  • , L. T. Alexander
  • , S. Biryukov
  • , M. Brauer
  • , K. Cercy
  • , F. J. Charlson
  • , A. J. Cohen
  • , L. Dandona
  • , K. Estep
  • , A. J. Ferrari
  • , J. J. Frostad
  • , N. Fullman
  • , W. W. Godwin
  • , M. Griswold
  • , S. I. Hay
  • , H. H. Kyu
  • , H. J. Larson
  • , S. S. Lim
  • , P. Y. Liu
  • A. D. Lopez, R. Lozano, L. Marczak, A. H. Mokdad, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Naghavi, M. B. Reitsma, G. A. Roth, P. J. Sur, T. Vos, J. A. Wagner, H. Wang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhou, R. M. Barber, B. Bell, J. D. Blore, D. C. Casey, M. M. Coates, K. Cooperrider, L. Cornaby, D. Dicker, H. E. Erskine, T. Fleming, K. Foreman, E. Gakidou, J. A. Haagsma, C. O. Johnson, L. Kemmer, T. Ku, J. Leung, F. Masiye, A. Millear, M. Mirarefin, A. Misganaw, E. Mullany, J. E. Mumford, M. Ng, H. Olsen, P. Rao, N. Reinig, Y. Roman, L. Sandar, D. F. Santomauro, E. L. Slepak, R. J.D. Sorensen, B. A. Thomas, S. E. Vollset, H. A. Whiteford, B. Zipkin, C. J.L. Murray, C. N. Mock, B. O. Anderson, N. D. Futran, H. R. Anderson, Z. A. Bhutta, M. I. Nisar, N. Akseer, H. Krueger, C. C. Gotay, N. Kissoon, J. A. Kopec, F. Pourmalek, R. Burnett, A. A. Abajobir, L. D. Knibbs, J. L. Veerman, R. Lalloo, J. G. Scott, N. K.M. Alam, H. N. Gouda, Y. Guo, J. J. McGrath, P. Jeemon, R. Dandona, S. Goenka, G. A. Kumar, P. W. Gething, D. Bisanzio, A. Deribew, S. C. Darby, R. Ali, D. A. Bennett, V. Jha, Y. Kinfu, M. McKee, G. V.S. Murthy, N. Pearce, H. Stöckl, L. Duan, Y. Jin, Y. Li, S. Liu, L. Wang, P. Ye, X. Liang, P. Azzopardi, G. C. Patton, A. Meretoja, K. Alam, R. Borschmann, S. M. Colquhoun, R. G. Weintraub, C. E.I. Szoeke, Z. Ademi, H. R. Taylor, T. Wijeratne, C. Batis, S. Barquera, I. R. Campos-Nonato, A. G. Contreras, L. Cuevas-Nasu, V. De, H. Gomez-Dantes, I. B. Heredia-Pi, C. Medina, F. Mejia-Rodriguez, J. C. Montañez Hernandez, C. A. Razo-García, J. A. Rivera, S. Rodríguez-Ramírez, T. G. Sánchez-Pimienta, E. E. Servan-Mori, T. Shamah, G. A. Mensah, H. J. Hoff, B. Neal, T. R. Driscoll, A. H. Kemp, J. Leigh, A. B. Mekonnen, S. Bhatt, T. Fürst, F. B. Piel, A. Rodriguez, S. J. Hutchings, A. Majeed, M. Soljak, J. A. Salomon, A. L. Thorne-Lyman, O. N. Ajala, T. Bärnighausen, L. E. Cahill, E. L. Ding, M. S. Farvid, S. Khatibzadeh, G. R. Wagner, M. G. Shrime, J. R.A. Fitchett, G. M. Aasvang, M. Savic, K. H. Abate, T. T. Gebrehiwot, A. T. Gebremedhin, C. Abbafati, K. M. Abbas, F. Abd-Allah, A. M. Abdulle, S. F. Abera, Y. A. Melaku, G. Y. Abyu, B. D. Betsu, G. B. Hailu, D. Y. Tekle, A. Z. Yalew, B. Abraham, L. J. Abu-Raddad, A. O. Adebiyi, I. A. Adedeji, A. K. Adou, J. C. Adsuar, E. E. Agardh, J. Rehm, A. Badawi, S. Popova, A. Agarwal, A. Ahmad, T. F. Akinyemiju, D. C. Schwebel, J. A. Singh, Z. Al-Aly, S. F. Aldhahri, K. A. Altirkawi, A. S. Terkawi, R. W. Aldridge, T. Tillmann, Z. A. Alemu, T. K. Tegegne, A. Alkerwi, F. Alla, F. Guillemin, P. Allebeck, R. H.S. Rabiee, S. M. Fereshtehnejad, M. Kivipelto, J. J. Carrero, E. Weiderpass, R. Havmoeller, S. Sindi, U. Alsharif, E. Alvarez, N. Alvis-Guzman, A. T. Amare, L. G. Ciobanu, B. W. Taye, A. Amberbir, A. K. Amegah, H. Amini, C. K. Karema, W. Ammar, H. L. Harb, S. M. Amrock, H. H. Andersen, C. A.T. Antonio, E. J.A. Faraon, P. Anwari, J. Ärnlöv, A. Larsson, A. Artaman, H. Asayesh, R. J. Asghar, R. Assadi, S. Atique, E. F.G.A. Avokpaho, A. Awasthi, B. P. Ayala, U. Bacha, M. C. Bahit, K. Balakrishnan, A. Barac, S. L. Barker-Collo, B. del Pozo-Cruz, S. Mohammed, L. Barregard, M. Petzold, L. H. Barrero, S. Basu, L. C. Del, S. Bazargan-Hejazi, J. Beardsley, N. Bedi, E. Beghi, K. N. Sheth, M. L. Bell, J. J. Huang, A. K. Bello, I. S. Santos, I. M. Bensenor, P. A. Lotufo, A. Berhane, C. D. Wolfe, E. Bernabé, H. S. Roba, A. S. Beyene, T. A. Hassen, Y. M. Mesfin, N. Bhala, A. Bhansali, S. Biadgilign, B. Bikbov, E. Bjertness, A. S. Htet, S. Boufous, L. Degenhardt, S. Resnikoff, B. Calabria, R. R.A. Bourne, M. Brainin, A. Brazinova, M. Majdan, J. Shen, N. J.K. Breitborde, H. Brenner, B. Schöttker, D. M. Broday, T. S. Brugha, B. Brunekreef, H. Kromhout, Z. A. Butt, A. van Donkelaar, R. V. Martin, R. Cárdenas, D. O. Carpenter, C. A. Castañeda-Orjuela, J. Castillo, R. E. Castro, F. Catalá-López, J. Chang, P. P. Chiang, M. Chibalabala, O. Chimed-Ochir, Y. Jiang, K. Takahashi, V. H. Chisumpa, C. C. Mapoma, A. A. Chitheer, J. J. Choi, H. Christensen, D. J. Christopher, L. T. Cooper, J. A. Crump, R. G. Poulton, A. Damasceno, P. I. Dargan, J. das Neves, A. C. Davis, J. N. Newton, N. Steel, K. Davletov, E. F. de Castro, D. De, R. P. Dellavalle, D. C. Des, S. D. Dharmaratne, P. K. Dhillon, D. K. Lal, S. Zodpey, C. Diaz-Torné, E. R. Dorsey, K. E. Doyle, M. Dubey, M. H.U. Rahman, U. Ram, A. Singh, A. K. Yadav, B. B. Duncan, C. Kieling, M. I. Schmidt, I. Elyazar, A. Y. Endries, S. P. Ermakov, B. Eshrati, F. Farzadfar, A. Kasaeian, M. Parsaeian, A. Esteghamati, N. Hafezi-Nejad, S. Sheikhbahaei, S. Fahimi, R. Malekzadeh, G. Roshandel, S. G. Sepanlou, M. S. Hassanvand, P. Heydarpour, V. Rahimi-Movaghar, M. Yaseri, T. A. Farid, A. R. Khan, C. S.E.S. Farinha, A. Faro, V. L. Feigin, J. G. Fernandes, F. Fischer, N. Foigt, I. Shiue, F. G.R. Fowkes, R. C. Franklin, A. L. Garcia-Basteiro, J. M. Geleijnse, T. Jibat, B. D. Gessner, W. Tefera, A. Z. Giref, D. Haile, W. A.A. Manamo, M. Giroud, M. D. Gishu, J. Martinez-Raga, M. C. Gomez-Cabrera, P. Gona, A. Goodridge, S. V. Gopalani, A. Goto, M. Inoue, H. C. Gugnani, R. Gupta, R. A. Gutiérrez, R. Orozco, Y. A. Halasa, E. A. Undurraga, R. R. Hamadeh, S. Hamidi, A. J. Handal, G. J. Hankey, Y. Hao, S. Harikrishnan, J. M. Haro, N. F. Hernández-Llanes, H. W. Hoek, A. K. Tura, M. Horino, N. Horita, H. D. Hosgood, D. G. Hoy, M. Hsairi, G. Hu, A. Husseini, I. Huybrechts, K. M. Iburg, B. T. Idrisov, G. F. Kwan, B. V. Ileanu, A. Pana, N. Kawakami, K. Shibuya, T. A. Jacobs, K. H. Jacobsen, N. Jahanmehr, M. B. Jakovljevic, H. A.F. Jansen, S. K. Jassal, M. B. Stein, M. Javanbakht, S. P. Jayaraman, A. U. Jayatilleke, S. H. Jee, J. B. Jonas, Z. Kabir, Y. Kalkonde, R. Kamal, J. She, H. Kan, A. Karch, C. Karimkhani, A. Kaul, D. S. Kazi, P. N. Keiyoro, C. D. Parry, A. P. Kengne, R. Matzopoulos, C. S. Wiysonge, D. J. Stein, B. M. Mayosi, A. Keren, Y. S. Khader, E. A. Khan, G. Khan, Y. H. Khang, S. Won, S. Khera, M. Tavakkoli, T. A.M. Khoja, J. Khubchandani, C. Kim, D. Kim, R. W. Kimokoti, Y. Kokubo, P. A. Koul, A. Koyanagi, M. Kravchenko, Y. Y. Varakin, B. Kuate, R. S. Kuchenbecker, B. Kucuk, E. J. Kuipers, T. Lallukka, R. Shiri, T. J. Meretoja, Q. Lan, A. A. Latif, A. E.B. Lawrynowicz, J. L. Leasher, M. Levi, X. Li, J. Liang, B. K. Lloyd, G. Logroscino, R. Lunevicius, D. Pope, M. Mahdavi, D. C. Malta, W. Marcenes, K. Matsushita, J. B. Nachega, B. X. Tran, P. A. Meaney, A. Mehari, B. A. Tedla, Z. A. Memish, W. Mendoza, G. B.M. Mensink, F. A. Mhimbira, T. R. Miller, E. J. Mills, A. Mohammadi, G. L.D. Mola, L. Monasta, L. Morawska, R. E. Norman, R. Mori, D. Mozaff, P. Shi, A. Werdecker, U. O. Mueller, A. J. Paternina, R. Westerman, S. Seedat, A. Naheed, V. Nangia, N. Nassiri, Q. L. Nguyen, P. M. Nkamedjie, O. F. Norheim, B. Norrving, L. Nyakarahuka, C. M. Obermeyer, F. A. Ogbo, I. Oh, O. Oladimeji, B. Sartorius, B. O. Olusanya, P. R. Olivares, J. O. Olusanya, J. N. Opio, E. Oren, A. Ortiz, E. Ota, P. A. Mahesh, E. Park, T. Patel, S. T. Patil, S. B. Patten, J. Wang, D. M. Pereira, M. Cortinovis, G. Giussani, N. Perico, G. Remuzzi, K. Pesudovs, M. R. Phillips, J. D. Pillay, D. Plass, M. Tobollik, S. Polinder, C. D. Pond, C. A. Pope, N. M. Prasad, M. Qorbani, A. Radfar, A. Rafay, S. M. Rana, M. Rahman, S. U. Rahman, S. Rajsic, R. K. Rai, M. Raju, K. Ranganathan, A. H. Refaat, C. D. Rehm, A. L. Ribeiro, D. Rojas-Rueda, A. Roy, M. Satpathy, N. Tandon, D. Rothenbacher, M. M. Saleh, J. R. Sanabria, L. Sanchez-Riera, M. D. Sanchez-Niño, R. Sarmiento-Suarez, M. Sawhney, J. Schmidhuber, I. J.C. Schneider, A. E. Schutte, D. A.S. Silva, S. Shahraz, M. Shin, A. Shaheen, M. A. Shaikh, R. Sharma, M. Shigematsu, S. Yoon, K. Shishani, I. D. Sigfusdottir, P. K. Singh, D. G.A. Silveira, J. I. Silverberg, Y. Yano, S. Soneji, L. A. Sposato, N. Steckling, C. T. Sreeramareddy, V. Stathopoulou, K. Stroumpoulis, B. F. Sunguya, S. Swaminathan, B. L. Sykes, R. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. T. Talongwa, D. Tanne, E. M. Tuzcu, J. Thakur, G. Shaddick, M. L. Thomas, A. G. Thrift, G. D. Thurston, A. J. Thomson, R. Topor-Madry, F. Topouzis, J. A. Towbin, O. A. Uthman, R. Tobe-Gai, N. Tsilimparis, Z. Tsala, S. Tyrovolas, K. N. Ukwaja, J. van Os, T. Vasankari, N. Venketasubramanian, F. S. Violante, S. G. Waller, C. J. Uneke, Y. Wang, S. Weichenthal, A. D. Woolf, D. Xavier, G. Xu, B. Yakob, P. Yip, C. N. Kesavachandran, M. Montico, L. Ronfani, C. Yu, Z. Zaidi, N. Yonemoto, M. Z. Younis, M. Wubshet, L. J. Zuhlke, M. E. Zaki, J. Zhu
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  • Public Health Dynamics Laboratory
  • German National Cohort Consortium
  • International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
  • Suraj Eye Institute
  • Wayne State University
  • Duy Tan University
  • Institute for Research
  • University of Bergen
  • Makerere University
  • American University of Beirut
  • Western Sydney University
  • Kyung Hee University
  • Human Sciences Research Council South Africa
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal
  • Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
  • Universidad Autónoma de Chile
  • Lira Municipal Council
  • University of Arizona
  • Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • St. Luke's International University
  • JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research
  • Kosin University
  • Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center
  • Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
  • Department of Community Health Sciences
  • University of Calgary
  • Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII
  • University of Milan
  • Flinders University
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Emory University
  • Durban University of Technology
  • Exposure Assessment and Environmental Health Indicators
  • German Environment Agency (UBA)
  • University of Newcastle
  • Brigham Young University
  • Fred Hollows Foundation
  • Alborz University of Medical Sciences
  • Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • Contech School of Public Health
  • Contech International Health Consultants
  • BRAC University
  • Hamad Medical Corporation
  • Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology
  • Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance
  • University of Missouri
  • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Walden University
  • Suez Canal University
  • Montefiore Health System
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
  • Ulm University
  • Development Research and Projects Center
  • Marshall University
  • Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute
  • Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
  • North West University
  • Tufts Medical Center
  • Graduate School
  • An-Najah National University
  • Independent Consultant
  • Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
  • National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico
  • Korea University
  • Washington State University Spokane
  • Reykjavík University
  • Northwestern University
  • Institute for Human Development
  • Universidade de Brasília
  • Department of Preventive Medicine
  • Dartmouth College
  • Western University
  • International Medical University
  • Attikon University Hospital
  • General Hospital of Athens
  • Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin
  • Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
  • University of California at Irvine
  • MINSANTE
  • Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer
  • Tel Aviv University
  • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
  • University of Bath
  • School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health
  • New York University
  • Adaptive Knowledge Management
  • Jagiellonian University Medical College
  • Wrocław Medical University
  • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  • Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center
  • University of Tennessee Health Science Center
  • St. Jude Children Research Hospital
  • University of Warwick
  • University of Hamburg
  • Université de Kinshasa
  • African Population and Health Research Center
  • Federal Teaching Hospital
  • Maastricht University
  • UKK Institute
  • Raffles Hospital
  • University of Bologna
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
  • Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
  • National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance
  • McGill University
  • Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust
  • St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences
  • Nanjing University
  • The University of Hong Kong
  • School of Public Health
  • Global Health Institute
  • Wuhan University
  • University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella
  • Kyoto University
  • Jackson State University
  • St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College
  • Mansoura University
  • National Office of MCH Surveillance of China

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1659-1724
Number of pages66
JournalThe Lancet
Volume388
Issue number10053
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 8 2016

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

  • General Medicine

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